533 = and == are for string comparisons -eq is for numeric comparisons -eq is in the same family as -lt, -le, -gt, -ge, and -ne == is specific to bash (not present in sh (Bourne shell), ...). Using POSIX = is …

Jan 27, 2017 · I realize you said “read the bash man pages” but at first, I thought you meant read the man pages within bash. At any rate, man bash returns a huge file, which is 4139 lines (72 pages) long.

Sep 27, 2015 · What's the difference between <<, <<< and < < in bash?Here document << is known as here-document structure. You let the program know what will be the ending text, and whenever that …

Modern shells such as Bash and Zsh have inherited this construct from Ksh, but it is not part of the POSIX specification. If you're in an environment where you have to be strictly POSIX compliant, stay …

When writing shell programs, we often use /bin/sh and /bin/bash. I usually use bash, but I don't know what's the difference between them. What's the main difference between Bash and sh? What do we ...

Sep 30, 2010 · Bash (see conditional expressions) seems to preempt the classic and POSIX meanings for -a and -o with its own alternative operators that take arguments. With some care, you can use the …

Jan 30, 2017 · #!/bin/bash # To focus exclusively on the performance of each type of increment # statement, we should exclude bash performing while loops from the # performance measure.

Feb 10, 2010 · Bash always seemed backward with numeric evaluations using an operator consisting of a string (-eq) and string comparisons using a numeric operator "==" or "=" just you mess you up. If …

Aug 27, 2011 · To set an environment variable once, use the export command in the prompt, not in a shell script: $ export THEVAR=/example The variable will be set for the rest of the shell session or …

Sep 25, 2025 · In bash all I know is that rmdir directoryname will remove the directory but only if it's empty. Is there a way to force remove subdirectories?