The microcontroller’s CPU reads program code from memory, one instruction at a time, decodes each instruction, and then executes it. All memory content—both program code and data—is in binary form: ...

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Fundamentals of computer systems programming, machine organization, and performance tuning. This course provides a solid background in systems programming and a deep understanding of low-level machine ...

Open-source programming language Python has become one of the few languages that won't disappear anytime soon. It's the top or one of the top two languages in most notable language popularity indexes, ...

For many years in the industrial automation sector, end-user petitions for openness and flexibility had been at odds with what suppliers were willing to offer. Especially in the case of digital ...

Most embedded systems are reactive by nature. They measure certain properties of their environment with sensors and react on changes. For example, they display something, move a motor, or send a ...

I was entering the miseries of seventh grade in the fall of 1980 when a friend dragged me into a dimly lit second-floor room. The school had recently installed a newfangled Commodore PET computer, a ...