Any typical digital design style with CMOS uses complementary pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFETs for logic functions implementation. Naturally, CMOS always ought to provide INVERTED outputs like ...

Ladder logic uses switch or relay contacts to implement Boolean expressions. In years past, ladder logic was made possible with discrete relays and was sometimes termed “relay logic.” Today most ...

Using digital logic gates such as AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XNOR and other related logic functions is often the foundation for defining the relationship between electrical signals and how they ...