In a white paper published by a multidisciplinary team of top scientists in China, Earth system is defined to encompass both internal and external geospheres from solid Earth system through surface ...

Earth System Sciences is an inherently interdisciplinary field that investigates the integrated dynamics of the planet’s major spheres—the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere—and their ...

Scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory contributed to several chapters of the Fifth National Climate Assessment, providing expertise in complex ecosystem processes, energy systems, human dynamics ...

Recent progress in machine learning (ML) inspires the idea of improving (or learning) earth system models directly from the observations. Earth sciences already use data assimilation (DA), which ...

Rockström is a research professor in earth system science at University Potsdam, the director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, and co-founder of the Planetary Guardians. The ...

What does it take to make an Earth-like planet? It takes a stellar nursery rich in carbon, oxygen, iron, and silicon in a combination that’s not too much, and not too little, but just right. But these ...

Space Forge has positioned itself as a specialist in off‑planet manufacturing, building satellites designed not just to ...

The Moon exerts a constant physical influence on Earth through gravity, light, and orbital interaction. Its mass shapes ocean ...

According to the Gaia hypothesis, life created Earth—or at least the Earth we know today. This theory, first formulated by chemist James Lovelock in the 1970s, was a hit with the media and the public ...

You would have a hard time finding these common Earth rocks on our neighboring planets. Here’s what makes our landscapes so unique. Limestone landscapes, like this one in the Stone Forest in China’s ...